Does Density Matter?

January 26th, 2009

These density and population statistics from citymayors.com offer some surprising results!  The top ten on the leaderboard is expected and yet still amazes.  Mumbai has 29,650 people per square kilometer!  That would mean cramming over forty people into the amount of space currently reserved for one OKC resident! I can’t imagine that density of this degree could ever lead to quality living conditions, but that doesn’t mean density is a bad thing.  Some of the world’s most liveable cities fall in a range from approx. 1,800 to 4,500 residents per square kilometer.  Also, as with most of these list, you have to pay attention to the way they measured density: this study has attempted to calculate density based on metro area – in which Oklahoma City ranks #87 world wide – as opposed to municipal area, which is an abritrary legal boundary that provides meaningless density results. So while this study took the better of the two measures up front, it does lead you to wonder what their process was for defining a metro area.

A COUPLE THINGS I THOUGHT WERE INTERESTING

  • Densest city in America is Los Angeles – also the 90th densest city in the world!
  • Oklahoma City is ranked #181 and has a density of 900 persons/sq. km – the same as Boston, MA
    • it is one of Boston’s dirty secrets that it is really a sprawling suburban city that hides behind the charm and density of a historic center constructed at least a century ago.
    • Oddly enough, Tuscon has a density of 950 persons/sq. km
  • Paris is denser than any city in America – even with restrictions that limit building heights in most parts of the city.

DENSITY OF TOP TEN MOST LIVEABLE

There definitely seems to be some correlation between an appropriate city density and the general liveable of the city.  But, there is also a major correlation between liveability and being from central Europe or Scandinavia, so the density figure has to be only one part of the equation.  Still, I would guess that Oklahoma City would great benefit by focusing on increasing density from 900 p/sqkm to 1,500 p/sqkm – resulting in a city of approximately the density of Denver, Colorado!

Rank
City / Urban area
Country
Population
Land area
(in sqKm)
Density
(people per sqKm)

1.) Copenhagen, Denmark

117
Copenhagen Denmark
1,525,000
816
1,850

2.) Munich, Germany

78
Munich Germany
1,600,000
518
3,100

3.) Tokyo, Japan

50
Tokyo/Yokohama Japan
33,200,000
6,993
4,750

4.) Zürich, Switzerland – not on the list?

5.) Helsinki, Finland

111
Helsinki Finland
1,000,000
479
2,100

6.) Vienna, Austria

71
Vienna Austria
1,550,000
453
3,400

7.) Stockholm, Sweden

93
Stockholm Sweden
1,400,000
518
2,700

8.) Vancouver, Canada

123
Vancouver Canada
1,830,000
1,120
1,650

9.) Melbourne, Australia

127
Melbourne Australia
3,162,000
2,080
1,500

10.) Paris, France

69
Paris France
9,645,000
2,723
3,550

FULL LIST OF DENSITY IN WORLD CITIES

Rank
City / Urban area
Country
Population
Land area
(in sqKm)
Density
(people per sqKm)
1
Mumbai India
14,350,000
484
29,650
2
Kolkata India
12,700,000
531
23,900
3
Karachi Pakistan
9,800,000
518
18,900
4
Lagos Nigeria
13,400,000
738
18,150
5
Shenzhen China
8,000,000
466
17,150
6
Seoul/Incheon South Korea
17,500,000
1,049
16,700
7
Taipei Taiwan
5,700,000
376
15,200
8
Chennai India
5,950,000
414
14,350
9
Bogota Colombia
7,000,000
518
13,500
10
Shanghai China
10,000,000
746
13,400
11
Lima Peru
7,000,000
596
11,750
12
Beijing China
8,614,000
748
11,500
13
Delhi India
14,300,000
1,295
11,050
14
Kinshasa Congo
5,000,000
469
10,650
15
Manila Philippines
14,750,000
1,399
10,550
16
Tehran Iran
7,250,000
686
10,550
17
Jakarta Indonesia
14,250,000
1,360
10,500
18
Tianjin China
4,750,000
453
10,500
19
Bangalore India
5,400,000
534
10,100
20
Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
4,900,000
518
9,450
21
Cairo Egypt
12,200,000
1,295
9,400
22
Baghdad Iraq
5,500,000
596
9,250
23
Shenyang China
4,200,000
453
9,250
24
Hyderabad India
5,300,000
583
9,100
25
Sao Paulo Brazil
17,700,000
1,968
9,000
26
St Petersburg Russia
5,300,000
622
8,550
27
Mexico City Mexico
17,400,000
2,072
8,400
28
Santiago Chile
5,425,000
648
8,400
29
Singapore Singapore
4,000,000
479
8,350
30
Lahore Pakistan
5,100,000
622
8,200
31
Recife Brazil
3,025,000
376
8,050
32
Istanbul Turkey
9,000,000
1,166
7,700
33
Dalian China
2,750,000
389
7,100
34
Khartoum Sudan
4,000,000
583
6,850
35
Rio de Janeiro Brazil
10,800,000
1,580
6,850
36
Monterey Mexico
3,200,000
479
6,700
37
Bangkok Thailand
6,500,000
1,010
6,450
38
Osaka/Kobe/Kyoto Japan
16,425,000
2,564
6,400
39
Guadalajara Mexico
3,500,000
596
5,900
40
Athens Greece
3,685,000
684
5,400
41
Ankara Turkey
3,100,000
583
5,300
42
Madrid Spain
4,900,000
945
5,200
43
London UK
8,278,000
1,623
5,100
44
Tel Aviv Israel
2,300,000
453
5,050
45
Sapporo Japan
2,075,000
414
5,000
46
Buenos Aires Argentina
11,200,000
2,266
4,950
47
Moscow Russia
10,500,000
2,150
4,900
48
Barcelona Spain
3,900,000
803
4,850
49
Porto Alegre Brazil
2,800,000
583
4,800
50
Tokyo/Yokohama Japan
33,200,000
6,993
4,750
51
Belo Horizonte Brazil
4,000,000
868
4,600
52
Fortaleza Brazil
2,650,000
583
4,550
53
Warsaw Poland
2,000,000
466
4,300
54
Tashkent Uzbekistan
2,200,000
531
4,150
55
Naples Italy
2,400,000
583
4,100
56
Katowice Poland
2,200,000
544
4,050
57
Leeds/Bradford UK
1,499,000
370
4,050
58
Manchester UK
2,245,000
558
4,000
59
CapeTown South Africa
2,700,000
686
3,950
60
Fukuoka Japan
2,150,000
544
3,950
61
Taichung Taiwan
2,000,000
510
3,900
62
Baku/Sumqayit Azerbaijan
2,100,000
544
3,850
63
Curitiba Brazil
2,500,000
648
3,850
64
Birmingham UK
2,284,000
600
3,800
65
Berlin Germany
3,675,000
984
3,750
66
Riyadh Saudi Arabia
4,000,000
1,101
3,650
67
Campinas Brazil
1,750,000
492
3,550
68
Jeddah Saudi Arabia
2,750,000
777
3,550
69
Paris France
9,645,000
2,723
3,550
70
Durban South Africa
2,900,000
829
3,500
71
Vienna Austria
1,550,000
453
3,400
72
Accra Ghana
1,500,000
453
3,300
73
Glasgow UK
1,200,000
368
3,250
74
Nagoya Japan
9,000,000
2,875
3,150
75
Quito Ecuador
1,500,000
479
3,150
76
Donetsk Ukraine
1,400,000
451
3,100
77
Goiania Brazil
1,475,000
479
3,100
78
Munich Germany
1,600,000
518
3,100
79
Stuttgart Germany
1,250,000
414
3,000
80
Dublin Ireland
1,075,000
365
2,950
81
Kuwait Kuwait
1,600,000
544
2,950
82
Nizhni Novgorod Russia
1,500,000
505
2,950
83
Rome Italy
2,500,000
842
2,950
84
Phnom Phen Cambodia
1,500,000
518
2,900
85
Beirut Lebanon
1,800,000
648
2,800
86
Brasilia Brazil
1,625,000
583
2,800
87
Essen/Düsseldorf Germany
7,350,000
2,642
2,800
88
Lumumbashi Congo
1,200,000
427
2,800
89
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
4,400,000
1,606
2,750
90
Los Angeles USA
11,789,000
4,320
2,750
91
Milan Italy
4,250,000
1,554
2,750
92
Pretoria South Africa
1,850,000
673
2,750
93
Stockholm Sweden
1,400,000
518
2,700
94
Turin Italy
1,350,000
500
2,700
95
Dubai UAE
1,900,000
712
2,650
96
Porto Portugal
1,035,000
389
2,650
97
Toronto Canada
4,367,000
1,655
2,650
98
Budapest Hungary
1,800,000
702
2,550
99
Lisbon Portugal
2,250,000
881
2,550
100
Johannesburg/East Rand South Africa
6,000,000
2,396
2,500
101
Rotterdam Netherlands
1,325,000
531
2,500
102
Harare Zimbabwe
1,750,000
712
2,450
103
Cologne/Bonn Germany
1,960,000
816
2,400
104
San Francisco/Oakland USA
3,229,000
1,365
2,350
105
Frankfurt Germany
2,260,000
984
2,300
106
Hamburg Germany
1,925,000
829
2,300
107
San Jose USA
1,538,000
674
2,300
108
Arabia Saudi
1,525,000
673
2,250
109
Brussels Belgium
1,570,000
712
2,200
110
Lille France
1,050,000
474
2,200
111
Helsinki Finland
1,000,000
479
2,100
112
Port Elizabeth South Africa
900,000
427
2,100
113
Sydney Australia
3,502,000
1,687
2,100
114
New York USA
17,800,000
8,683
2,050
115
Auckland New Zealand
1,050,000
531
2,000
116
New Orleans USA
1,009,000
512
1,950
117
Copenhagen Denmark
1,525,000
816
1,850
118
Montreal. Canada
3,216,000
1,740
1,850
119
Honolulu USA
718,000
399
1,800
120
Las Vegas USA
1,314,000
741
1,750
121
Miami USA
4,919,000
2,891
1,700
122
Ottawa/Hull Canada
828,000
490
1,700
123
Vancouver Canada
1,830,000
1,120
1,650
124
Antwerp Belgium
915,000
596
1,550
125
Denver USA
1,985,000
1,292
1,550
126
Chicago USA
8,308,000
5,498
1,500
127
Melbourne Australia
3,162,000
2,080
1,500
128
Salt Lake City USA
888,000
598
1,500
129
Aachen Germany
585,000
401
1,450
130
Sacramento USA
1,393,000
956
1,450
131
Lyon France
1,349,000
954
1,400
132
Phoenix/Mesa USA
2,907,000
2,069
1,400
133
Winnipeg Canada
627,000
446
1,400
134
Adelaide Australia
1,002,000
729
1,350
135
Riverside/San Bernardino USA
1,507,000
1,136
1,350
136
Portland USA
1,583,000
1,228
1,300
137
San Diego USA
2,674,000
2,026
1,300
138
Washington USA
3,934,000
2,996
1,300
139
Calgary Canada
879,000
702
1,250
140
Nice France
889,000
721
1,250
141
San Antonio USA
1,328,000
1,056
1,250
142
Vereeniging South Africa
600,000
479
1,250
143
Concord USA
553,000
457
1,200
144
Detroit USA
3,903,000
3,267
1,200
145
El Paso USA
675,000
568
1,200
146
Perth Australia
1,177,000
964
1,200
147
Baltimore USA
2,076,000
1,768
1,150
148
Dallas/Fort Worth USA
4,146,000
3,644
1,150
149
Houston USA
3,823,000
3,355
1,150
150
Nantes France
545,000
476
1,150
151
Austin USA
902,000
824
1,100
152
Columbus USA
1,133,000
1,030
1,100
153
Gold Coast Australia
422,000
383
1,100
154
Marseille France
1,350,000
1,204
1,100
155
Philadelphia USA
5,149,000
4,661
1,100
156
Seattle USA
2,712,000
2,470
1,100
157
Albuquerque USA
598,000
580
1,050
158
Buffalo USA
977,000
950
1,050
159
Cleveland USA
1,787,000
1,676
1,050
160
Douai/Lens France
519,000
489
1,050
161
Milwaukee USA
1,309,000
1,261
1,050
162
Minneapolis/St. Paul USA
2,389,000
2,316
1,050
163
Omaha USA
627,000
586
1,050
164
Orlando USA
1,157,000
1,174
1,000
165
Tampa/St Petersburg USA
2,062,000
2,078
1,000
166
Virginia Beach USA
1,394,000
1,364
1,000
167
Brisbane Australia
1,508,000
1,603
950
168
Memphis USA
972,000
1,036
950
169
Quebec Canada
635,000
669
950
170
San Juan Puerto Rico
2,217,000
2,309
950
171
Scranton USA
385,000
411
950
172
St. Louis USA
2,078,000
2,147
950
173
Toledo USA
503,000
524
950
174
Toulouse France
761,000
808
950
175
Tucson USA
720,000
755
950
176
Boston USA
4,032,000
4,497
900
177
Colorado Springs USA
466,000
511
900
178
Edmonton Canada
782,000
850
900
179
Kansas City USA
1,362,000
1,514
900
180
Ogden USA
418,000
466
900
181
Oklahoma City USA
747,000
835
900
182
Providence USA
1,175,000
1,304
900
183
Rochester USA
694,000
764
900
184
Spokane USA
335,000
371
900
185
Wichita USA
422,000
465
900
186
Cincinnati USA
1,503,000
1,740
850
187
Dayton USA
703,000
838
850
188
Indianapolis USA
1,219,000
1,432
850
189
Jacksonville USA
882,000
1,063
850
190
Louisville USA
864,000
1,013
850
191
Syracuse USA
402,000
465
850
192
Grand Rapids USA
539,000
667
800
193
Pittsburgh USA
1,753,000
2,208
800
194
Sarasota/Bradenton USA
559,000
700
800
195
Tulsa USA
558,000
677
800
196
Albany USA
559,000
736
750
197
Allentown/Bethlehem USA
576,000
750
750
198
Bridgeport/Stamford USA
889,000
1,205
750
199
St Catharines Canada
300,000
389
750
200
Toulon France
520,000
713
750
201
Abu Dhabi UAE
550,000
777
700
202
Akron USA
570,000
797
700
203
Atlanta USA
3,500,000
5,083
700
204
Bordeaux France
754,000
1,057
700
205
Canton USA
267,000
372
700
206
Charleston USA
423,000
598
700
207
Durham USA
288,000
406
700
208
Hartford USA
852,000
1,216
700
209
Jackson USA
293,000
417
700
210
Little Rock USA
360,000
532
700
211
New Haven USA
531,000
739
700
212
Palm Bay USA
393,000
569
700
213
Richmond USA
819,000
1,131
700
214
Shreveport USA
275,000
401
700
215
South Bend USA
276,000
404
700
216
Springfield USA
574,000
800
700
217
Tours France
298,000
421
700
218
Valenciennes France
357,000
507
700
219
Youngstown USA
417,000
591
700
220
Baton Rouge USA
479,000
727
650
221
Bethune France
259,000
390
650
222
Birmingham USA
664,000
1,016
650
223
Cape Coral USA
330,000
497
650
224
Charlotte USA
759,000
1,126
650
225
Fayetteville USA
276,000
433
650
226
Harrisburg USA
363,000
540
650
227
Lancaster USA
324,000
517
650
228
McAllen USA
523,000
813
650
229
Nashville USA
750,000
1,116
650
230
Raleigh USA
542,000
828
650
231
Worcester USA
430,000
648
650
232
Columbia USA
421,000
697
600
233
Flint USA
365,000
599
600
234
Mobile USA
318,000
546
600
235
Port St Lucie USA
271,000
438
600
236
Augusta USA
336,000
600
550
237
Bonita Springs / Naples USA
221,000
389
550
238
Pensacola USA
324,000
568
550
239
Aguadilla Puerto Rico
299,000
620
500
240
Avignon France
254,000
508
500
241
Greenville USA
302,000
587
500
242
Huntsville USA
213,000
407
500
243
Poughkeepsie USA
352,000
686
500
244
Knoxville USA
420,000
879
500
245
Chattanooga USA
344,000
751
450
246
Winston/Salem USA
299,000
651
450
247
Asheville USA
222,000
536
400
248
Pau France
181,000
450
400
249
Barnstable Town USA
244,000
741
350
250
Hickory USA
188,000
546
350

9 responses

  1. Dan comments:

    Very interesting. For North American cities, the sweet spot really does seem to be in the 1300-1800 range. Many of the cities here that I would consider most livable are in that range — Montreal, Honolulu, Miami, Vancouver, Denver, Chicago(?!?), Salt Lake City, Portland, and San Diego.

    But, their methodology is a little puzzling. How is Los Angeles denser than NYC, and NYC only slightly denser than New Orleans?

  2. Steve Lackmeyer comments:

    I’m very surprised by the listing simply because I would have guessed OKC to be a lot further down the list than it is (and ahead of Indianapolis!). But I’m also uncertain about the freshness of these figures, seeing as New Orleans is still ranked relatively high. Blair, do you know what census this listing is pulling from? I’d suspect New Orleans post Katrina isn’t quite so dense….

  3. Steve Lackmeyer comments:

    Dan, Dan, Dan… Honolulu and Miami – “most livable”? Come on now… really. Yes, they’re both great places to visit, but I really take issue with “most livable” for these two cities, especially Honolulu (can we even call that a city?)

  4. Blair comments:

    Good call on the New Orleans figures. The site says:

    “The data was mostly collected between 2000 and 2005, however, in some cases figures from the late 1990s were used”

    That is the problem with all of these list on the web, the data is not consistent. At some point in the future I will try to track down an academic study and see how it compares.

    Oh, and Steve, how can we say Honolulu is not liveable? It sounds to me like a great place to live!

  5. Blair comments:

    Dan – Found this and I think it answers your question about how L.A. could be considered denser than NYC. Because the study takes the density of the entire urban area – any contiguous land area with densities greater than 1,000 persons per square mile – the NYC metropolitan area ends up being incredibly large and the lower density suburbs bring down the average. While New York is monocentric, L.A is more polycentric and the average density is boosted by the number of people living in outlying nodes.

    NYC v. LA :: Density

  6. Dan comments:

    Interesting, thanks Blair.

    Steve — I like Miami, and would live there, but I’ll grant that its desirability is not universal and certainly open to personal tastes. But Honolulu is pretty routinely considered a very desirable place to live, aside from (or despite) the high cost of living. For example, Monocle ranked it the best city to live in in the US last year (on criteria that ranked usual suspects like Copenhagen, Munich, Zurich, et al. at the top). See, e.g., http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Magazine-Articles/Top-20-liveable-cities—09-Honolulu/

  7. Steve Lackmeyer comments:

    Blair and Dan, maybe I’m judging Honolulu too much on my visit to Wikiki. But seriously, the traffic was awful and the city has a serious problem dealing with the homeless. Beyond the postcard beaches and beautiful resorts, anyone who dared go to the real city (I couldn’t help it) would find it is seriously flawed and may face some troubled times ahead. Miami, I admit, just isn’t my kind of city so maybe I’m just being flippant on that one.

  8. Blair comments:

    Steve – okay, now I see where you are coming from. Credit to you for attempting to take in the real city behind the city. Maybe the liveability testers got too caught up in luaus and beaches, and failed to get the whole story.

    One thing to consider, I think that all great cities of the world display humanity in its extremes. In Paris you have museums and shopping, but on the outskirts are some very rough ghettos with tense racial/religious conflict. London is a city for both princes and paupers; with a number of poor neighborhoods that you are unlikely to encounter during your double decker bus tour. And NYC may have undergone a renaissance over the last few decades – cleaning up crime in huge portions of the city including Time Square – but I still wouldn’t recommend going to parts of the Bronx or to Newark.

    You bring up a great question though. When it comes to liveability, for whom are we concerned? Are we worried about the quality of life of everyone? Liveability ought to include all residents of a city – not just the well-to-dos.

  9. BatesLine tracks back:

    Urban link dump…

    Here are a bunch of links to items of note about cities: Blair Humphreys looks at urban density and finds some surprising stats: The Los Angeles urbanized area is the most densely populated in the nation. Oklahoma City and Boston have the same density,…

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